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Cyanea fissa

(H.Mann) Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Unbranched or sparingly branched shrubs 1–5 m tall, with yellow latex.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblanceolate to obovate, blades 32–80 cm long, 5–13 cm wide. Apex acuminate to acute. Base attenuate, narrowing imperceptibly into a winged petiole. Upper surfaces green, glabrous; lower surfaces pale green, pubescent. Margins minutely callose–denticulate. Petioles 0.5–4 cm long, winged. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 8–20–flowered in axillary racemes, pubescent, peduncles 20–60 mm long, pedicels 8–20 mm long; hypanthium obconical to obovoid, 6–10 mm long, 4–6 mm wide, pubescent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 5-lobed, lobes triangular to narrowly triangular, 3–16 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, apex acute to acuminate, distinct or rarely connate, tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, white or pale lilac, longitudinally striped with purple, 25–35 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, densely pubescent, the tube gently curved, dorsally cleft to about the middle, the lobes spreading. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous; anthers minutely papillose, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries reddish orange; broadly obovoid; 13–20 mm long; 10–15 mm wide. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in bogs; diverse mesic forest; and wet forest.

Elevation Range: 200–915 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 255 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:449 (K [as C. f. subsp. fissa & C. f. subsp. gayana]); Lammers 1992:130 (KEY); Wagner, Herbst & Lorence 2005— (Syn. C. f. subsp. gayana = C. fissa)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea fissa Mt. Kahili, on adjoining flat Preserved_Specimen Lvs dark-green & shiny above, pale green beneath; fls pale-rose to lavender with 5 dark-purple longitudinal stripes; plt erect or procumbent, branching; 3+ m tall. Rock, J.F.C. 25675 Kauai BISH 1956-02-15
2 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, upper part Preserved_Specimen Several plants, 6-8 ft. x 2 in. Perlman, S. 4 Kauai BISH 1978-03-01
3 Cyanea fissa Ka Loko Reservoir, Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Flowers light whitish lavender. Forbes, C.N. 528 Kauai BISH 1916-10-07
4 Cyanea fissa Alakai Swamp, SW facing slope, Pihea-Kahuamaa Flats ravine Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 109 Kauai BISH 1983-07-30
5 Cyanea fissa Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 204 Kauai BISH
6 Cyanea fissa Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 213 Kauai BISH 1977-06-04
7 Cyanea fissa Waiakealoha, Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9015 Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
8 Cyanea fissa Haupu Range, right hand side of Kipu Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 751 Kauai BISH 1916-12-03
9 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 193 Kauai BISH 1977-04-27
10 Cyanea fissa Kaholuamanu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2464 Kauai BISH 1909-03-01
11 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 192 Kauai BISH 1977-04-27
12 Cyanea fissa Hii Mts Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 661 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
13 Cyanea fissa Kealia Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 592 Kauai BISH 1910-01-01
14 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 204 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
15 Cyanea fissa Kauai Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 192 Kauai BISH 1977-04-27
16 Cyanea fissa Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 228 Kauai BISH
17 Cyanea fissa Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 4 Kauai BISH
18 Cyanea fissa Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 223 Kauai BISH 1977-06-27
19 Cyanea fissa Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 188 Kauai BISH 1977-04-21
20 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley Preserved_Specimen Kepler, A.K. Kauai BISH 1986-03-15
21 Cyanea fissa Kauai Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
22 Cyanea fissa Kealia Preserved_Specimen Hardy, W.V. Kauai BISH 1915-01-01
23 Cyanea fissa Waioli valley along stream Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub MacDaniels, L.H. 907 Kauai BISH 1927-02-27
24 Cyanea fissa Wainiha, below upper confluence. Riparian vegetation with moderate to steep slopes 70-80% cover. w/canopy dominated by Metrosideros, 8-12 m, or Aleurites, 8-10 m with abundant understory of Psidium guajava, w/ Pisonia umbellifera, Ilex, Psychotria mariniana, Kadua affinis, steeper open slopes Preserved_Specimen tree, 2 m tall, multi-stemmed, peduncle and hypanthium purple, fruit purple, corolla white with purple longitudinal stripes, observed above stream banks, uncommon Wood, K.R. 13693 Kauai BISH 2009-04-12
25 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley mossy hau forest, ~200' mauka of stream Preserved_Specimen 5.5'; one fruit Kepler, A.K. 610 Kauai BISH 1986-07-01
26 Cyanea fissa above Wahiawa moist Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 613 Kauai BISH 1927-02-08
27 Cyanea fissa Hanakapiai Valley, E fork Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 228 Kauai BISH 1971-04-13
28 Cyanea fissa Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 191 Kauai BISH
29 Cyanea fissa Hii Mountains Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 637 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
30 Cyanea fissa Kealia Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 577 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
31 Cyanea fissa Mts. near Ka Loko Reservoir, Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 525 Kauai BISH 1916-10-07
32 Cyanea fissa Kauai Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 193 Kauai BISH 1977-04-27
33 Cyanea fissa Hanalei, Limahuli Valley, W side of ridge between Limahuli and Hanakapiai valleys, above waterfall Metrosideros, Antidesma, Syzygium, Psychotria, Cibotium, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen 2 m, monocaulescent, latex white; leaves terminal with purple midrib; inflorescence dark purple, corolla purple with white longitudinal stripes Lorence, D.H. 5199 Kauai BISH 1987-04-24
34 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley, east side of stream, 4 miles, 3900 ft. up valley, across from notch between Laau Ridge and Kamakeanu Wet forest, dense shade of hau trees, near bamboo Preserved_Specimen Plant 7 ft. tall, several stems from base, 3/4 in. thick. flowers white with wine colored stripes. Christensen, C. 223 Kauai BISH 1977-06-27
35 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa ridge, 100 yds. west of crest Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 191 Kauai BISH 1977-04-27
36 Cyanea fissa First N fork of Wahiawa Stream, NW of Wahiawa Bog. Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. Of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 1.5 m tall, corolla purple with white stripes. Wagner, W.L. 6016 Kauai BISH 1988-04-07
37 Cyanea fissa Makaleha Valley, E side of stream shady wet forest Preserved_Specimen 6', several branches; top of leaf dark green, shiny and waxy; corolla purple 2, lobes with white margins, calyx purple 2; fruit purple 2, turning red Christensen, C. 332 Kauai BISH 1979-07-08
38 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, near saddle trail from bottom of Chute #2 to waterfall top in gully bottom 30 degreee slope. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft. spread 4.5 ft. stem 3 in. diam. Three plants in area, others elsewhere. Perlman, S. 453 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
39 Cyanea fissa Wahiawa Bog area west of Mt. Kahili In bog proper, growing in mossy, wet area next to stream Preserved_Specimen Small tree, frts red, sap yellow. Stern, W.L. 1328 Kauai BISH 1961-08-01
40 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, near saddle trail from bottom of Chute #2 to waterfall top in gully bottom 30 degreee slope. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft. spread 4.5 ft. stem 3 in. diam. Three plants in area, others elsewhere. Perlman, S. 453 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
41 Cyanea fissa Upper Waipa Valley, middle of valley Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 9 ft. tall, several branched near base, flowers light red wine colored with white stipules. Christensen, C. 237 Kauai BISH 1977-07-02
42 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley guava, native fruit Preserved_Specimen ~5 ft. Kepler, A.K. 611 Kauai BISH 1986-08-26
43 Cyanea fissa Anahola River, N of Puu Awa wet wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen 4 m, sap milky; flower white, anthers, tube dark magenta striped St.John, H. 26774 Kauai BISH 1971-04-01
44 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley, east side in gulch near Kealawela Wet shady gulch Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 1/2 ft tall, single, glabrous; corolla purple 1, calyx purple O, fruit red O. Christensen, C. 271 Kauai BISH 1977-07-20
45 Cyanea fissa Waimea District Koaie, headwater gulches and stream, well above Koaie river north of Mohihi-Waialae trail. Mtrosideros transitional mesic to wet forest and riparian vegetation w/ Cheirodendron , Perrottentia sadwicensis, Kadua affinis, Ilex anomala< Syzygium sadwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Coprosma waimeae, Cyrtandra kauaiensis, Mekicope clusiifolia, Labordia degeneri, Cyane Preserved_Specimen tree, ca. 4.5 m tall, 8-branched, fruit purple Wood, K.R. 15968 Kauai BISH 2014-06-24
46 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, near saddle trail from bottom of Chute #2 to waterfall top in gully bottom 30 degreee slope. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft. spread 4.5 ft. stem 3 in. diam. Three plants in area, others elsewhere. Perlman, S. 453 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
47 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley, east side in gulch near Kealawela Wet shady gulch Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 1/2 ft tall, single, glabrous; corolla purple 1, calyx purple O, fruit red O. Christensen, C. 271 Kauai BISH 1977-07-20
48 Cyanea fissa Waipa Valley, in middle, in small gulch Wet forest in shade Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 ft. x 3 in. at base, stem gray green, glabrous, branches 3/4-1 in. diam.; corolla lavender with white stripes. Christensen, C. 241 Kauai BISH 1977-07-02
49 Cyanea fissa Kawaihau, Lihue-Koloa FR, powerline trail from Wailua to Princeville Metrosideros, Dicranopteris; boggy Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub, unbranched; leaves at apex, dark glossy green above, dull paler below; inflorescence unbranched; peduncle purplish green; bracts light green; pedicel and recepticle dark purple; calyx lobes dark purple with greenish margins; corolla lobes dark purple with white margins and apex; staminal column whitish green with slight purple tinge below anthers; anthers dark purple with white margins Flynn, T.W. 2064 Kauai BISH 1987-02-27
50 Cyanea fissa Waioli, 100 yds. east of Waioli-Waipa Ridge crest Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Stem 2 ft. tall, single, glabrous, gray; corolla white, but near the calyx is red-purple 1. Christensen, C. 276 Kauai BISH 1977-07-25
51 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, on ridge humus Preserved_Specimen 4' x 1.5 shrub Perlman, S. 207 Kauai BISH 1978-07-19
52 Cyanea fissa Kawaihau, Lihue-Koloa FR, Kuilau trail from Kaahua Arboretum, E side, bottom of ridge Metrosideros, Pisonia, Psidium, Albizia, Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Lantana, Cyanea hardyi; on Cibotium Preserved_Specimen 5' shrub; leaves dark glossy green above, whitish midrib, below paler grey green, semi glossy; corolla white and purple striped; calyx and ovary dark maroon; fruit ripening reddish orange Flynn, T.W. 3307 Kauai BISH 1989-04-07
53 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley, 4 miles, 2000 ft. up valley, east side of stream On steep bank above stream in wet forest Preserved_Specimen Plant 4 ft. tall, stems several from near base, glabrous, pale green; flowers white with magenta stripes; fruit red-purple. Christensen, C. 228 Kauai BISH 1977-06-27
54 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley wet kukui, Cyrtandra, ferns Preserved_Specimen purple 1 corolla, lobes with white margins, anthers whitish, hupanthium red purple above pale greenish base (see diagram on label). Bornhorst, H. Kauai BISH 1977-09-18
55 Cyanea fissa Waioli; 100 yds E of Waioli-Waipa Ridge crest Wet forest. Preserved_Specimen Stems 4 ft tall, 1 in. diam. single, glabrous; corolla purple; calyx purple. Christensen, C. 277 Kauai BISH 1977-07-25
56 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, on ridge near waterfall partial shade Preserved_Specimen 6' x 2.5 shrub Perlman, S. 208 Kauai BISH 1978-07-19
57 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley Rain forest along stream. Preserved_Specimen Shrub, ht. 2 m. MacDaniels, L.H. 866 Kauai BISH 1927-02-24
58 Cyanea fissa Between Wahiawa Bog and Stream forested Preserved_Specimen 5-7', unbranched; flowers white; purple corolla, calyx and ovary; some midribs purple Herbst, D.R. 2094 Kauai BISH 1971-08-23
59 Cyanea fissa Wainiha shady wet side gulch, old taro terraces Preserved_Specimen 1 m tree; fruit purple Earle, E. 40 Kauai BISH 1972-09-10
60 Cyanea fissa Koloa, S of Wahiawa Swamp, path leading to Kahili Metrosideros, Antidesma Preserved_Specimen to 1.5 m shrub, milky sap; leaves green with violet midrib, inflorescence and receptacle violet, corolla white with violet stripes, staminal tube violet, style violet, stigma whitish Stauffer, H.U. 5872 Kauai BISH 1964-04-10
61 Cyanea fissa On steep W - facing banks of Kawaikoi Str., at the horseshoe bend below BM 3693 Fern-covered slopes with Metrosideros and Cheirodendron, only a few clumps of this sp. are present at the site. Preserved_Specimen Most are of stem length 5-6', Takeuchi, W.N. 177 Kauai BISH 1983-08-16
62 Cyanea fissa N Fork of Wailua River trail to Blue Hole and base of Mt. Waialeale, narrow N facing side gluch about 1/4 mile before the first (double) falls that one must go around Lowland wet forest w/ Metrosideros-Dicranopteris, Psychotria, Boehmeria, Touchardia, Cyrtandra, Tetraplasandra oahuensis, Psychotria mariniana, Broussaisia arguta, Perrottetia, Pipturus, Freycinetia, Kadua affinis, Syzygium sandwicensis, Nephrolepis Preserved_Specimen Two plants in area. Plant 3X branched, 1X at base, 2X 3 ft from base. Branches 5 - 7 ft tall. Another chewed near base. Sap yellow. Lvs chorotic, undereside of leaf w/ persistant scratchy hairs and raised light green veins. Peduncles w/ numerous persistant leafy bracts. Fls white with purple stripes. Frts. Tangalin, N. 2399 Kauai BISH 2010-09-26
63 Cyanea fissa Napali coast, first stream east of Hanakapiai Wet shady valley Preserved_Specimen Single stemmed, 5 ft. tall; fl. white with light purple stripes, fruits reddish purple. Christensen, C. 188 Kauai BISH 1977-04-21
64 Cyanea fissa On steep W - facing banks of Kawaikoi Str., at the horseshoe bend below BM 3693 Fern-covered slopes with Metrosideros and Cheirodendron, only a few clumps of this sp. are present at the site. Preserved_Specimen Most are of stem length 5-6', Takeuchi, W.N. 177 Kauai BISH 1983-08-16
65 Cyanea fissa Kaholuamanu Woods Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2463 Kauai BISH 1909-03-10
66 Cyanea fissa Blue Hole stream drainage S side of N stream branch; Metrosideros polymorpha, Pipturus, Perrottetia, Cyrtandra, Athyrium, Sadleria cyatheoides, Spathodea campanulata, Christella dentata, Rubus rosifolius, Clidemia hirta Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m x 5 cm shrub; branched into 4 heads; leaves to 45 cm long, upper surface of midribs light purple; flower purple and white striped; pedicels dense coveraged of light green, fleshy bracts; gynoecia white Trauernicht, C. 735 Kauai BISH 2009-02-12
67 Cyanea fissa Koloa, S of Wahiawa Swamp, path leading to Kahili Swamp moist fern forest Preserved_Specimen leaves shiny, bright green above, paler, dull beneath, midribs purple above; corolla white, purple stripped inside and out, ovaries bright purple, staminal tube purple and white striped St.John, H. 13684 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
68 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley, W side, N of Puu Iliahi wet forest Preserved_Specimen 5' stem, several branched, glabrous; midrib red, fruit red purple Christensen, C. 248 Kauai BISH 1977-07-08
69 Cyanea fissa Kealia, Hanalei forest Preserved_Specimen Hardy, W.V. Kauai BISH 1915-01-01
70 Cyanea fissa Waimea District. Waiakoali headwaters, south branch. Along drainage, occasional with C. hirtella and C. kahiliensis.Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Diplopterygium pinnatum, Cheirodendron montane mixed wet forest and riparian vegetation with Coprosma waimeae, Elaeocarpus bifidus, roussaisia arguta, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Melicope clusifolia, Pschotria mariniana, Vaccinium calycinum, Polyscias waialealae, Syzgium sandwicensis, S Preserved_Specimen Tree, 3 meters tall, few-branched, fruit orange. Wood, K.R. 17453 Kauai BISH 2017-06-27
71 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa ridge, 130 yds. W of crest wet forest Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub, single stem, glabrous base 2 diam., top 1.25; corolla purple Christensen, C. 274 Kauai BISH 1977-07-25
72 Cyanea fissa Blue Hole stream drainage On steep slope to N side of main stream confluence. Diverse wet forest. Overstory of Metrosideros and Tetraplasandra forming partial canopy cover 6-8 m high. Diverse midstory with Antidesma, Pipturus, Pouteria, Kadua affinis, Psychotria, Melicope spp. Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Cyrtandra spp., Clidemia and Psidium cattleianum establishing. Ferns and mossed dominant ground cover. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m tall, 4 cm basal diameter. Two stems branching from base. Lvs to 60 cm long, 15 cm wide, Peduncles to 10 cm long. Fls white and purple. Mabberley, D.J. 738 Kauai BISH 2009-02-12
73 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley, 4 miles, 2000 ft. up valley, east side of stream On steep bank above stream in wet forest Preserved_Specimen Plant 4 ft. tall, stems several from near base, glabrous, pale green; flowers white with magenta stripes; fruit red-purple. Christensen, C. 228 Kauai BISH 1977-06-27
74 Cyanea fissa East slope of ridge to Kahili ridge top Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 ft.; stem 1/2 in. diam., single; flower purple, white stripes, calyx purple. Christensen, C. 300 Kauai BISH 1977-12-30
75 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, near saddle trail from bottom of Chute #2 to waterfall top in gully bottom 30 degreee slope. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft. spread 4.5 ft. stem 3 in. diam. Three plants in area, others elsewhere. Perlman, S. 453 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
76 Cyanea fissa Waimea District, Mohihi stewan, off Waialae- Waialeale trail, off to the North side of trail in subgulch that joins Mohihi stream Metrosideros wet forest W/ Cheirodendron, Cibotium, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Diplazium sandwichianum, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Syzygium sandwicense, Broussaisia rguta, Melicope degeneri, Peperomia, Cyrtandra kauaiensis, Hedych Preserved_Specimen Shrub on stream banks, flowering, 2 meter ht Perlman, S. 25562 Kauai BISH 2017-05-02
77 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, near saddle trail from bottom of Chute #2 to waterfall top in gully bottom 30 degreee slope. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft. spread 4.5 ft. stem 3 in. diam. Three plants in area, others elsewhere. Perlman, S. 453 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
78 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa ridge, 100 yds. W wet forest Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub, several stems branch from base; flower white with light purple stripe; fruit dark purple Christensen, C. 218 Kauai BISH 1977-06-04
79 Cyanea fissa Makaleha Valley, E side of stream shady wet forest Preserved_Specimen 6', several branches; top of leaf dark green, shiny and waxy; corolla purple 2, lobes with white margins, calyx purple 2; fruit purple 2, turning red Christensen, C. 332 Kauai BISH 1979-07-08
80 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley, below Pali Eleele side of stream, shaded gulch, wet forest Preserved_Specimen flower rose violet, lobes with white margins Christensen, C. 293 Kauai BISH 1977-08-23
81 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley, below Pali Eleele side of stream, shaded gulch, wet forest Preserved_Specimen flower rose violet, lobes with white margins Christensen, C. 293 Kauai BISH 1977-08-23
82 Cyanea fissa Waimea district Koaie, headwater gulches and stream, well above Koaie river, northwest of Mohihi- Waialae trail Metrosideros transitional mesic to wet forest and riparian vegetation Cheirodendron, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Kadua affinis, Ilex anomala, Syzygium sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Coprosma waimeae, Cyrtandra kauaiensis, Melicope clusiifolia, Labordia degeneri, Cyanea f Preserved_Specimen tree, branched, in early bud, rare in area, with C. hirtella Wood, K.R. 15399 Kauai BISH 2013-02-07
83 Cyanea fissa Waioli, 130 yds. east of Waioli-Waipa Ridge crest Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Base 3 in. diam., with 8 stems 3/4 in. diam. Corolla purple 1; calyx purple O. Christensen, C. 279 Kauai BISH 1977-07-25
84 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley, east side of stream, 4 miles, 3900 ft. up valley, across from notch between Laau Ridge and Kamakeanu Wet forest, dense shade of hau trees, near bamboo. Preserved_Specimen Plant 7 ft. tall, several stems from base, 3/4 in. thick. flowers white with wine colored stripes. Christensen, C. 223 Kauai BISH 1977-06-27
85 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa ridge, 130 yds. W of crest wet forest Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub, single stem, glabrous base 2 diam., top 1.25; corolla purple Christensen, C. 274 Kauai BISH 1977-07-25
86 Cyanea fissa Wahiawa Mts., NE of Hulua, W of main Stream Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Melicope, Hedyotis, Freycinetia, Pritchardia, Antidesma, Psychotria, Elaphoglossum, Viola helenae, Cyrtandra, Hesperomannia, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 5981 Kauai BISH 1987-06-20
87 Cyanea fissa Koloa-Lihue FR Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 1551 Kauai BISH 1955-06-16
88 Cyanea fissa Waipa Valley, in middle, in small gulch Wet forest in shade Preserved_Specimen Tree 10 ft. x 3 in. at base, stem gray green, glabrous, branches 3/4-1 in. diam.; corolla lavender with white stripes. Christensen, C. 241 Kauai BISH 1977-07-02
89 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa ridge, 70 yds. west of crest Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Single stem 6 ft. tall; flowers and fruit dark purple. Christensen, C. 213 Kauai BISH 1977-06-04
90 Cyanea fissa Koloa, Lihue-Koloa FR, Wahiawa Stream, SSE to ridge connecting Kahili and Kapalaoa peaks Metrosideros polymorpha, Syzygium sandwicensis, Antidesma, Tetraplasandra, Cheirodendron, Psychotria, shrubs, ferns, Cyrtandra Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m tree, unbranched, lates light yellow; leaves discolorous, midrib purple above; corolla tube purple basally, tube above base, lobes and staminal tube white with purple stripes Lorence, D.H. 6692 Kauai BISH 1991-01-29
91 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley, W side, N of Puu Iliahi wet forest Preserved_Specimen 5' stem, several branched, glabrous; midrib red, fruit red purple Christensen, C. 248 Kauai BISH 1997-07-08
92 Cyanea fissa Waimea, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Kawaikoi Stream above Alakai trail crossing E facing slope above stream Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub, branched from base; leaves glossy, dark green to chlorotic, yellow green above with brownish maroon midrib, below glossy, gray green with paler whitish to yellowish green veins; peduncle green; bracts yellow green; pedicel purple; hypanthium purple; calyx purple at base, extending up center with green margins; corolla purple at base, extending up lobes, lobes with white margins Flynn, T.W. 3382 Kauai BISH 1989-05-11
93 Cyanea fissa Hono Napali Metrosideros wet forest. W/ Metrosideros, Psychotria, Antidesma, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Sadleria, Dichranopteris, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen Branching shrub with 7 heads, new leaves flushed with purple, fading once leaves mature. Heavily in flower with immature fruit Griffin-Noyes, E. 526 Kauai BISH 2012-03-24
94 Cyanea fissa Lihue District. Iliilula, drainage below Kawaikini. Metrosideros polymorpha wet cliff Machaerina angustifolia, Kadua elatior, Kadua centrathoides, Erigeron karvinskianus, Cyathea cooperi. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 2 meter ht with flowers and fruit. Perlman, S. 23581 Kauai BISH 2013-06-27
95 Cyanea fissa Upper Waipa Valley, middle of valley Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Tree 9 ft. tall, several branches near base; flowers light red wine colored with white stripes. Christensen, C. 237 Kauai BISH 1977-07-02
96 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa ridge, 70 yds. west of crest Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Single stem 6 ft. tall; flowers and fruit dark purple. Christensen, C. 213 Kauai BISH 1977-06-04
97 Cyanea fissa West of crest of Waioli-Waipa Ridge, upper Waipa Valley, 200 yards west of crest Wet forest, with Antidesma, Metrosideros, Psychotria. Preserved_Specimen Single stemmed plant 1 m. tall. Fl. pale purple with light stripes. Christensen, C. 67 Kauai BISH 1976-10-18
98 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, on ridge humus Preserved_Specimen 4' x 1.5 shrub Perlman, S. 207 Kauai BISH 1978-07-19
99 Cyanea fissa Koloa, S of Wahiawa Swamp, path leading to Kahili Swamp moist fern forest Preserved_Specimen leaves shiny, bright green above, paler, dull beneath, midribs purple above; corolla white, purple stripped inside and out, ovaries bright purple, staminal tube purple and white striped St.John, H. 13684 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
100 Cyanea fissa pole line trail forest Preserved_Specimen 6 ft. Rock, J.F.C. 17245 Kauai BISH 1920-01-31
101 Cyanea fissa First N fork of Wahiawa Stream, NW of Wahiawa Bog. Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. Of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). Preserved_Specimen Shrub ca. 1.5 m tall, corolla purple with white stripes. Wagner, W.L. 6016 Kauai BISH 1988-04-07
102 Cyanea fissa Makaleha Valley, E side of stream shady wet forest Preserved_Specimen calyx with rose purple stripes between lobes and rose purple blotches on dorsal side; corolla purple with white stripes Christensen, C. 330 Kauai BISH
103 Cyanea fissa Koloa, Wahiawa stream, ~1 mi from start of trail Clermontia clermontioides, Ilex anomala, Pelea, Psychotria, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen to 8' shrub, fountain shaped; flower white with purple stripe; fruit dull purple Gustafson, R. 1720 Kauai BISH 1980-05-24
104 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley, in gulch below Pali Eleele Wet forest on side of gulch Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 310 Kauai BISH 1978-01-30
105 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, near saddle trail from bottom of Chute #2 to waterfall top in gully bottom 30 degreee slope. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5 ft. spread 4.5 ft. stem 3 in. diam. Three plants in area, others elsewhere. Perlman, S. 453 Kauai BISH 1979-06-10
106 Cyanea fissa Waioli-Waipa ridge, 100 yds. W wet forest Preserved_Specimen 6' shrub, several stems branch from base; flower white with light purple stripe; fruit dark purple Christensen, C. 218 Kauai BISH 1977-06-04
107 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley wet kukui, Cyrtandra, ferns Preserved_Specimen purple 1 corolla, lobes with white margins, anthers whitish, hupanthium red purple above pale greenish base Bornhorst, H. Kauai BISH 1937-01-01
108 Cyanea fissa Waioli, 130 yds. east of Waioli-Waipa Ridge crest Wet forest Preserved_Specimen Base 3 in. diam., with 8 stems 3/4 in. diam. Corolla purple 1; calyx purple O. Christensen, C. 279 Kauai BISH 1977-07-25
109 Cyanea fissa Makaleha Valley, E side of stream shady wet forest Preserved_Specimen calyx with rose purple stripes between lobes and rose purple blotches on dorsal side; corolla purple with white stripes Christensen, C. 330 Kauai BISH 1979-07-08
110 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, upper part Preserved_Specimen Several plants, 6-8 ft. x 2 in. Perlman, S. 4 Kauai BISH 1978-03-01
111 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley Preserved_Specimen Plants branching from the base 5 to 8 feet tall; flowers nearly black. Rock, J.F.C. 17252 Kauai BISH 1920-01-25
112 Cyanea fissa Kanaele Swamp, trail to Wahiawa Stream Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4997 Kauai BISH 1983-08-27
113 Cyanea fissa Hanalei, pole line trail Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2464 Kauai BISH 1972-05-31
114 Cyanea fissa Kealia Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 577 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
115 Cyanea fissa Hii Mountains Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 678 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
116 Cyanea fissa Hii Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 634 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
117 Cyanea fissa ~10' above Wahiawa Swamp Preserved_Specimen corolla white, deep purple midrib; leaf rosettes 1-2' diam.; leaves 18 long, lanceolate Gillett, G.W. 1536 Kauai BISH 1964-04-10
118 Cyanea fissa Wahiawa Stream, Kanaele Bog Preserved_Specimen 4' x 2 cm, single stem; leaf edge undulate; corolla purple 2, rosy tint, light stripes; fruit purple 1 with reddish tint Christensen, C. 296 Kauai BISH 1977-10-15
119 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley Preserved_Specimen Plants branching from the base, 5-9 feet tall; flowers nearly black. Rock, J.F.C. 17252 Kauai BISH 1920-01-25
120 Cyanea fissa Limahuli Valley, upper part Preserved_Specimen Several plants, 6-8 ft. x 2 in. Perlman, S. 4 Kauai BISH 1978-03-01
121 Cyanea fissa Mts. near Ka Loko Reservoir, Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 525 Kauai BISH 1916-10-07
122 Cyanea fissa Wahiawa Swamp, 4 mi. N of Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen 3', unbranched; fruit dark red to purple, pale yellow juice Crosby, M.R. 1502 Kauai BISH 1964-06-20
123 Cyanea fissa Haupu, Kipu Preserved_Specimen 3-5', single stem; young fruit purplish, old fruit orange; stamens grayish purple, corolla white, each lobe purple lined inside St.John, H. 13656 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
124 Cyanea fissa Kealia Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 577 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
125 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 204 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
126 Cyanea fissa Haupu, Kipu Preserved_Specimen 3-5', single stem; young fruit purplish, old fruit orange; stamens grayish purple, corolla white, each lobe purple lined inside St.John, H. 13656 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
127 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley Preserved_Specimen Plants branching from the base, 5-9 feet tall; flowers nearly black. Rock, J.F.C. 17252 Kauai BISH 1920-01-25
128 Cyanea fissa Hii Preserved_Specimen Fruir reddish. Forbes, C.N. 635 Kauai BISH 1916-10-20
129 Cyanea fissa Mts. near Ka Loko Reservoir, Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 514 Kauai BISH 1916-10-07
130 Cyanea fissa ~10' above Wahiawa Swamp Preserved_Specimen corolla white, deep purple midrib; leaf rosettes 1-2' diam.; leaves 18 long, lanceolate Gillett, G.W. 1536 Kauai BISH 1964-04-10
131 Cyanea fissa Waialae Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4893 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
132 Cyanea fissa Kamooloa gulch, upper gulch off ridge crest between Kapalaoa and Waialeale Metrosideros polymorpha Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2-3 meter ht, fruit Perlman, S. 22312 Kauai BISH 2010-12-17
133 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley: above Water Plant near water intake in fern thicket Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 160 Kauai BISH 1953-01-03
134 Cyanea fissa Kealia FR, Kamalii Ridge Preserved_Specimen shrub; flower white and purple streaked; fruit orange Montgomery, S.L. 6 Kauai BISH 1970-08-27
135 Cyanea fissa Mountains near Ka Loho Reservoir. (Kilauea) Preserved_Specimen Not in flower. Forbes, C.N. 527 Kauai BISH 1916-10-07
136 Cyanea fissa Hanahanapuni, mauka of Kapaia Preserved_Specimen 5', 2 branches; flower purplish; fruit orange; leaves above dark shiny green, midrib purple, below light green, midrib whitish green Krauss, N.L.H. 16 Kauai BISH 1944-06-20
137 Cyanea fissa Kaholuamanu Woods. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2463 Kauai BISH 1909-03-10
138 Cyanea fissa Mt. Kahili, on adjoining flat Preserved_Specimen Lvs dark-green & shiny above, pale green beneath; fls pale-rose to lavender with 5 dark-purple longitudinal stripes; plt erect or procumbent, branching; 3+ m tall. Rock, J.F.C. 25675 Kauai BISH 1956-02-15
139 Cyanea fissa power trail Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m shrub MacDaniels, L.H. 689 Kauai BISH 1927-02-14
140 Cyanea fissa Mt. Kahili, on adjoining flat Preserved_Specimen Lvs dark-green & shiny above, pale green beneath; fls pale-rose to lavender with 5 dark-purple longitudinal stripes; plt erect or procumbent, branching; 3+ m tall. Rock, J.F.C. 25675 Kauai BISH 1956-02-15
141 Cyanea fissa Lumahai Valley Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 204 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
142 Cyanea fissa Kahili Preserved_Specimen leaves light green and dull above; flower pale rose, 5 dark purple longitudinal stripes Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1956-02-01
143 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 306 Kauai BISH 1978-01-17
144 Cyanea fissa Wainiha Valley (near dam) Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1503 Kauai BISH 1956-12-26
145 Cyanea fissa Waipa Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 45 Kauai BISH 1909-07-15
146 Cyanea fissa Hii Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 636 Kauai BISH 1916-10-22
147 Cyanea fissa Hanalei Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 2187 Kauai BISH 1869-12-01
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